As the world becomes more industrialized, natural resources are being stressed as never before, leading in turn to hard-to-remedy situations. Author Ron Adams explains that South Africa and the Netherlands are two nations that are using modern nuclear power. In this article, he explores new technologies and what they offer.

1. Consider the power problems facing California and the Pacific Northwest. How might the technologies discussed in this article relieve the situation?

2. What is the difference between the reactors being developed in South Africa and those usually associated with nuclear power plants? Why is the South African process for making nuclear energy called fission?

3. Explain critical mass. To achieve critical mass, how much fissionable material is needed?

4. Describe the core of a nuclear reactor. Why is a moderator included in the nuclear reactor? Explain how the neutron absorbers control reactions in the core.

5. What different forms of energy are released during nuclear fission?

6. Explain how the public and workers in nuclear plants are protected from nuclear contamination.

7. Explain the process by which the neutron source is used for managing fission.

8. Heat is released in a nuclear reaction. Exactly how is it converted to energy?

9. As Adams describes it, these "mini" power plants could be used in a variety of situations and applications.

a. The new reactors work without steam turbines. With what were they replaced? How and why was this advantageous?

b. What is meant by cogeneration? How could it be advantageous, environmentally and economically?

10. Some people worry that nuclear power plants might melt down, wreaking horrendous human and environmental damage.

a. Explain how the features of the PBMR make it suitable for use in populated areas.

b. Why does Adams liken a PBMR to a Russian doll? What is the similarity?

c. Hold a class discussion about whether you would be willing to live close to a PBMR or a conventional nuclear power plant.

11. In a brief essay, explain whether you believe that nuclear energy is a possible alternative energy source in the United States now or in the future.