RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL TAOISM

There are two distinct forms of Taoism: the popular or religious Tao Chiao and the classical Tao Chia, based on the writings of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu.  Taoism is generally thought to have emerged from popular, magical, and religious ideas during the reign of China’s Yellow Emperor, Huang Ti (2704-2595 B.C.).

In Tao Chiao, magic, alchemy, and shamanism intermingle with a considerable pantheon of gods, spirits, and heavenly and earthly immortals.  Chief in the pantheon is Yu Huang Shang Ti, the Jade Emperor.  Religious Taoism emphasizes healing, magic potions, and alchemy.  It relates to the daily needs of the general population.  Chinese alchemy is closely related to Taoism’s concern with the individual’s quest for immortality.

The classical and metaphysical Tao Chia stresses the scholarly and individual quest, secluded and ascetic life-style, and rigorous study.  It provides a counterbalance to Confucianism, which emerged during much the same period and stresses relations with family, friends, and government.

                                                                                                                        - P.C.