The battle between the hearth goddess and the water goddess.

One of the non-Japanese ethnic groups living in Japan, the Ainu, have a language and culture quite separate from that of the other inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago. Although the Ainu have been able to maintain their way of life until the present, their culture is now facing severe pressures from mainstream modern Japanese society and likely will not retain its unique qualities much longer. Most Ainu live on the northernmost of the four major Japanese islands, Hokkaido. Finding Ainu who speak only Ainu is difficult; virtually all the remaining Ainu speak Japanese, and for many it is the only language they know. The Ainu are still a distinct group, however, and many of them keep alive the customs that mark them as Ainu rather than Japanese.

One of the most distinctive features of Ainu society is the abundance of story. The Ainu have a long tradition of prose and verse narratives, both sacred and secular. It is perhaps most suggestive of the true nature of these stories to say that in them there exists no real distinction between the affairs of men and those of the animistic world that is both apart from them and everywhere surrounding them. Ainu see kamui—superior creatures of varying strength and rank—in everything, and their stories reflect that feeling.